1.800.858.7378 npic@ace.orst.edu
We're open from 8:00AM to 12:00PM Pacific Time, Mon-Fri

Copper Sulfate References

Copper Sulfate:

  1. Tomlin, C. D. S. The Pesticide Manual, A World Compendium, 15th ed.; British Crop Protection Council: Surrey, UK, 1997; pp 646-649.
  2. Connelly, N. G.; Damhus, T.; Hartshorn, R. M.; Hutton, A. T. Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC Recommendations 2005. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2005; p 366.
  3. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for Coppers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2009.
  4. Pizarro, F.; Olivares, M.; Araya, M.; Gidi, V.; Uauy, R. Gastrointestinal effects associated with soluble and insoluble copper in drinking water. Environ. Health. Perspect. 2001, 109 (9), 949-52.
  5. Gropper, S. A. S.; Smith, J. L.; Groff, J. L. Advanced nutrition and human metabolism; Thomson/Wadsworh: Victoria, Australia, 2005; pp 446-456.
  6. O'Neil, M. J. The Merck index : an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals; Merck: Whitehouse Station, NJ, 2001; p 2676.
  7. Goldschmidt, J. L. MSDS - Basic Copper Sulfate Material Safety Data Sheet; Old Bridge Chemicals, Inc. http://www.oldbridgechem.com/msds/basic-copper-sulfate.php (accessed Jan 2011), updated 1999.
  8. Hazardous Substances Data Bank; Copper (II) Sulfate, Pentahydrate, CASRN: 7758-99-8. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~7rxy67:2 (accessed Dec 2009), updated 2007.
  9. Theophanides, T.; Anastassopoulou, J. Copper and carcinogenesis. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 2002, 42 (1), 57-64.
  10. Daniel, K. G.; Harbach, R. H.; Guida, W. C.; Dou, Q. P. Copper storage diseases: Menkes, Wilsons, and cancer. Front Biosci. 2004, 9, 2652-62.
  11. Goodman, V. L.; Brewer, G. J.; Merajver, 11. S. D. Copper deficiency as an anti-cancer strategy. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 2004, 11 (2), 255-263.
  12. Kamrin, M. A., Pesticide Profiles: Toxicity, Environmental Impact, and Fate; Lewis Publishers: Boca Raton, FL, 1997; p 243-247.
  13. Krieger, R. I. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology Agents, 2nd ed.; Academic Press, Inc.: San Diego, CA, 2001; Vol. 2, pp 1361-1362.
  14. Oruc, H. H.; Cengiz, M.; Beskaya, A. Chronic copper toxicosis in sheep following the use of copper sulfate as a fungicide on fruit trees. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 2009, 21 (4), 540-543.
  15. Olivares, M.; Araya, M.; Pizarro, F.; Uauy, R. Nausea Threshold in Apparently Healthy Individuals Who Drink Fluids Containing Graded Concentrations of Copper. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2001, 33 (3), 271-275.
  16. Chuttani, H. K.; Gupta, P. S.; Gulati, S.; Gupta, D. N., Acute copper sulfate poisoning. Am. J. Med. 1965, 39 (5), 849-854.
  17. Thompson, L. J. Copper. Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles; Gupta, R. C. Ed.; Academic Press: Oxford, England, 2007; pp 427-429.
  18. Shivanandappa, T.; Krishnakumari, M. K.; Majumder, S. K. Testicular atrophy in Gallus domesticus fed acute doses of copper fungicides. Poult. Sci. 1983, 62 (2), 405-8.
  19. Meister, R. T. Crop Protection Handbook; Meister Publishing Co.: Willoughby, OH, 2006; p D 104-D 105.
  20. Poortinga, E. W. Copper penny ingestion in a cat. Can. Vet. J. 1995, 36 (10), 634-634.
  21. Talcott, P. A. Copper. Small Animal Toxicology, 2nd ed.; Peterson, M. E., Ed.; Saunders Elsevier: St. Louis, 2006; pp 668-673.
  22. Webb, C. B.; Twedt, D. C.; Meyer, D. J. Copper-Associated Liver Disease in Dalmatians: A Review of 10 Dogs (1998-2001). J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2002, 16 (6), 665-668.
  23. Radostits, O. M.; Gay, C. C.; Hinchcliff, K. W.; Constable, P.D. Diseases associated with inorganic and farm chemicals - Primary Copper Poisoning. Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats, 10th ed.; Saunders Elsevier: New York, 2007.
  24. Bradley, C. H. Copper poisoning in a dairy herd fed a mineral supplement. Can. Vet. J. 1993, 34 (5), 287-292.
  25. Banton, M. I.; Nicholson, S. S.; Jowett, P. L.; Brantley, M. B.; Boudreaux, C. L. Copper toxicosis in cattle fed chicken litter. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1987, 191 (7), 827-8.
  26. Cornish, J.; Angelos, J.; Puschner, B.; Miller, G.; George, L. Copper toxicosis in a dairy goat herd. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 2007, 231 (4), 586-589.
  27. Kline, R. D.; Hays, V. W.; Cromwell, G. L. Effects of Copper, Molybdenum and Sulfate on Performance, Hematology and Copper Stores of Pigs and Lambs. J. Anim Sci. 1971, 33 (4), 771-779.
  28. Reigart, J. R.; Roberts, J. R. Copper Compounds. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings, 5th ed.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1999; pp 145-146.
  29. Mason, K. E. A Conspectus of Research on Copper Metabolism and Requirements of Man. J. Nutr. 1979, 109 (11), 1979-2066.
  30. Chugh, K. S.; Sharma, B. K.; Singhal, P. C.; Das, K. C.; Datta, B. N. Acute renal failure following copper sulphate intoxication. Postgrad. Med. J. 1977, 53 (615), 18-23.
  31. Schienberg, H. I. Copper, alloys, and compounds. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 3rd ed.; Parmeggiani, L., Ed.; International Labour Office: Geneva, Switerzland, 1983; pp 546-548.
  32. Santic, Z.; Puvacic, S.; Radovic, S.; Puvacic, Z. Vineyard pesticide induced changes in the lungs: experimental studying on rabbits. Med. Arh. 2005, 59 (6), 343-5.
  33. Boyden, R.; Potter, V. R.; Elvehjem, C. A. Effect of Feeding High Levels of Copper to Albino Rats. J. Nutr. 1938, 15 (4), 397-402.
  34. Rana, S. V.; Kumar, A. Biological haematological and histological observations in copper poisoned rats. Ind. Health. 1980, 18 (1), 9-17.
  35. Suttle, N. F.; Mills, C. F. Studies of the toxicity of copper to pigs. Brit. J. Nutr. 1966, 20 (02), 149-161.
  36. Boughton, I. B.; Hardy, W. T. Chronic Copper Poisoning in Sheep. Texas AES Bull. 1934, 499, 5-32.
  37. Gilbert, R. W.; Sander, J. E.; Brown, T. P. Copper sulfate toxicosis in commercial laying hens. Avian Dis. 1996, 40 (1), 236-9.
  38. Jensen, L. S.; Dunn, P. A.; Dobson, K. N. Induction of oral lesions in broiler chicks by supplementing the diet with copper. Avian Dis. 1991, 35 (4), 969-73.
  39. Pesti, G. M.; Bakalli, R. I. Studies on the feeding of cupric sulfate pentahydrate and cupric citrate to broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 1996, 75, 1086-1091.
  40. Luo, X. G.; Ji, F.; Lin, Y. X.; Steward, F. A.; Lu, L.; Liu, 40. B.; Yu, S. X. Effects of dietary supplementation with copper sulfate or tribasic copper chloride on broiler performance, relative copper bioavailability, and oxidation stability of vitamin E in feed. Poult Sci. 2005, 84 (6), 888-893.
  41. Idowu, O. M. O.; Laniyan, T. F.; Kuye, O. A.; Oladele-Ojo, V. O.; Eruvbetine, D. Effect of Copper Salts on Performance, Cholesterol, Residues in Liver, Eggs and Excreta Of Laying Hens. Arch. Zootec. 2006, 55 (212), 327-338.
  42. Romeu-Moreno, A.; Aguilar, C.; Arola, L.; Mas, A. Respiratory toxicity of copper. Environ. Health Perspect. Suppl 3 1994, 102, 339-40.
  43. Araya, M.; McGoldrick, M. C.; Klevay, L. M.; Strain, J. J.; Robson, P.; Nielsen, F.; Olivares, M.; Pizarro, F.; Johnson, L.; Poirier, K. A. Determination of an Acute No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) for Copper in Water. Regul. Toxicol. Pharm. 2001, 34 (2), 137-145.
  44. Araya, M.; Chen, B.; Klevay, L. M.; Strain, J. J.; Johnson, L.; Robson, P.; Shi, W.; Nielsen, F.; Zhu, H.; Olivares, M.; Pizarro, F.; Haber, L. T., Confirmation of an acute no-observed-adverse-effect and low-observed-adverse-effect level for copper in bottled drinking water in a multi-site international study. Regul. Toxicol. Pharm. 2003, 38 (3), 389-399.
  45. Araya, M.; Olivares, M.; Pizarro, F.; González, M.; Speisky, H.; Uauy, R. Copper exposure and potential biomarkers of copper metabolism. BioMetals 2003, 16 (1), 199-204.
  46. Pizarro, F.; Olivares, M.; Uauy, R.; Contreras, P.; Rebelo, A.; Gidi, V. Acute gastrointestinal effects of graded levels of copper in drinking water. Environ. Health Perspect. 1999, 107 (2), 117-21.
  47. Villar, T. G. Vineyard sprayer's lung, Clinical aspects. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1974, 110 (5), 545-55.
  48. Pimentel, J. C.; Marques, F. "Vineyard sprayer's lung": a new occupational disease. Thorax 1969, 24 (6), 678-688.
  49. Saleha Banu, B.; Ishaq, M.; Danadevi, K.; Padmavathi, P.; Ahuja, Y. R. DNA damage in leukocytes of mice treated with copper sulfate. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2004, 42 (12), 1931-1936.
  50. Prá, D.; Franke, S.; Giulian, R.; Yoneama, M.; Dias, J.; Erdtmann, B.; Henriques, J. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of iron and copper in mice. BioMetals 2008, 21 (3), 289-297.
  51. Bhunya, S. P.; Jena, G. B. Clastogenic effects of copper sulphate in chick in vivo test system. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. 1996, 367 (2), 57-63.
  52. Wu, T.; Sempos, C. T.; Freudenheim, J. L.; Muti, P.; Smit, E. Serum iron, copper and zinc concentrations and risk of cancer mortality in US adults. Ann. Epidemiol. 2004, 14 (3), 195-201.
  53. Buzio, L.; Tondel, M.; De Palma, G.; Buzio, C.; Franchini, I.; Mutti, A.; Axelson, O. Occupational risk factors for renal cell cancer. An Italian case-control study. Med. Lav. 2002, 93 (4), 303-9.
  54. Ferm, V. H.; Hanlon, D. P., Toxicity of Copper Salts in Hamster Embryonic Development. Biol. Reprod. 1974, 11 (1), 97-101.
  55. Lecyk, M. Toxicity of cupric sulfate in mice embryonic development. Zool. Poloniae 1980, 28 (2), 101-105.
  56. Roychoudhury, S.; Massanyi, P. In vitro copper inhibition of the rabbit spermatozoa motility. J. Environ. Sci. Health A Tox. Hazard Subst. Environ. Eng. 2008, 43 (6), 651-6.
  57. Araya, R.; Gomez-Mora, H.; Vera, R.; Bastidas, J. M. Human spermatozoa motility analysis in a Ringer's solution containing cupric ions. Contracept. 2003, 67 (2), 161-3.
  58. Keen, C. L.; Uriu-Hare, J. Y.; Hawk, S. N.; Jankowski, M. A.; Daston, G. P.; Kwik-Uribe, C. L.; Rucker, R. B. Effect of copper deficiency on prenatal development and pregnancy outcome. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1998, 67 (5 Suppl), 1003S-1011S.
  59. Tarnacka, B.; Rodo, M.; Cichy, S.; Czlonkowska, A. Procreation ability in Wilson's disease. Acta. Neurol. Scand. 2000, 101 (6), 395-8.
  60. Johnson, P. E.; Milne, D. B.; Lykken, G. I. Effects of age and sex on copper absorption, biological half-life, and status in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1992, 56 (5), 917-25.
  61. Pimentel, J. C.; Menezes, A. P., Liver disease in vineyard sprayers. Gastroenterol. 1977, 72 (2), 275-83.
  62. Barceloux, D. G. Copper. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1999, 37 (2), 217 - 230.
  63. Brewer, G. J., Risks of Copper and Iron Toxicity during Aging in Humans. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2009.
  64. Linder, M. C.; Hazegh-Azam, M. Copper biochemistry and molecular biology. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1996, 63 (5), 797S-811.
  65. Danzeisen, R.; Araya, M.; Harrison, B.; Keen, C.; Solioz, M.; Thiele, D.; McArdle, H. J. How reliable and robust are current biomarkers for copper status? Brit. J. Nutr. 2007, 98 (04), 676-683.
  66. Harvey, L. J.; McArdle, H. J., Biomarkers of copper status: a brief update. Brit. J. Nutr. Suppl. S3 2008, 99 , S10-S13.
  67. Shah, F.; Kazi, T. G.; Afridi, H. I.; Kazi, N.; Baig, J. A.; Shah, A. Q.; Khan, S.; Kolachi, N. F.; Wadhwa, S. K. Evaluation of status of trace and toxic metals in biological samples (scalp hair, blood, and urine) of normal and anemic children of two age groups. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2011, 141 (1-3), 131-49.
  68. Moses, M. F.; Prabakaran, J. J. Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Toxic Metals using Fingernails as Biological Indicators. Res. J. Environ. Toxicol. 2011, 5 (1), 65-70.
  69. Kempson, I. M.; Skinner, W. M.; Kirkbride, K. P. The occurrence and incorporation of copper and zinc in hair and their potential role as bioindicators: a review. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev. 2007, 10 (8), 611-22.
  70. Seidel, S.; Kreutzer, R.; Smith, D.; McNeel, S.; Gilliss, D. Assessment of Commercial Laboratories Performing Hair Mineral Analysis. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2001, 285 (1), 67-72.
  71. Genuis, S.; Birkholz, D.; Rodushkin, I.; Beesoon, S. Blood, Urine, and Sweat (BUS) Study: Monitoring and Elimination of Bioaccumulated Toxic Elements. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2011, 61 (2), 344-357.
  72. Flores-Vélez, L. M.; Ducaroir, J.; Jaunet, A. M.; Robert, M. Study of the distribution of copper in an acid sandy vineyard soil by three different methods. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 1996, 47 (4), 523-532.
  73. Copper Sulfate Crops for use as algicide and invertebrate pest control; Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI); Eugene, OR, 2001; p 17.
  74. Temminghoff, E. J. M.; Van der Zee, S. E. A. T. M.; de Haan, F. A. M. Copper Mobility in a Copper-Contaminated Sandy Soil as Affected by pH and Solid and Dissolved Organic Matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31 (4), 1109-1115.
  75. Salam, D.; El-Fadel, M. Mobility and Availability of Copper in Agricultural Soils Irrigated from Water Treated with Copper Sulfate Algaecide. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2008, 195 (1), 3-13.
  76. He, Z. L.; Zhang, M.; Yang, X. E.; Stoffella, P. J. Release Behavior of Copper and Zinc from Sandy Soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2006, 70 (5), 1699-1707.
  77. Tom-Petersen, A.; Hansen, H. C. B.; Nybroe, O. Time and Moisture Effects on Total and Bioavailable Copper in Soil Water Extracts. J. Environ. Qual. 2004, 33 (2), 505-512.
  78. Saar, R. A.; Weber, J. H. Fulvic acid: modifier of metal-ion chemistry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1982, 16 (9), 510A-517A.
  79. Liu, R.; Zhao, D.; Barnett, M. Fate and Transport of Copper Applied in Channel Catfish Ponds. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2006, 176 (1), 139-162.
  80. Haughey, M. A.; Anderson, M. A.; Whitney, R. D.; Taylor, W. D.; Losee, R. F. Forms and fate of Cu in a source drinking water reservoir following CuSO4 treatment. Water Res. 2000, 34 (13), 3440-3452.
  81. Hullebusch, E. V.; Chatenet, P.; Deluchat, V.; Chazal, P. M.; Froissard, D.; Lens, P. N. L.; Baudu, M. Fate and forms of Cu in a reservoir ecosystem following copper sulfate treatment (Saint Germain les Belles, France). J. Phys. IV France 2003, 107, 1333-1336.
  82. Yruela, I. Copper in plants. Braz. J. Plant. Physiol. 2005, 17 (1), 145-156.
  83. Gunkel, P.; Roth, E.; Fabre, B. Copper distribution in chemical soil fractions and relationships with maize crop yield. Environ. Chem. Lett. 2003, 1 (1), 92-97.
  84. Alva, A. K.; Huang, B.; Paramasivam, S. Soil pH Affects Copper Fractionation and Phytotoxicity. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2000, 64 (3), 955-962.
  85. Arambasic, M. B.; Bjelic, S.; Subakov, G. Acute toxicity of heavy metals (copper, lead, zinc), phenol and sodium on Allium cepa L., Lepidium sativum L. and Daphnia magna St.: Comparative investigations and the practical applications. Water Res. 1995, 29 (2), 497-503.
  86. Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Program Residue Monitoring 1993-2003; U.S Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition: Silver Spring, MD, 2008.
  87. Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate; Tolerance Exemption in or on Various Food and Feed Commodities. Fed. Regist. August 11, 2006, 71, 46106-46110.
  88. Henderson, B. M.; Winterfield, R. W. Acute copper toxicosis in the Canada goose. Avian Dis. 1975, 19 (2), 385-7.
  89. Eisler, R. Copper Hazards To Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR--1997-0002; U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center: Laurel, MD 20708, 1998; Report No. 33.
  90. Welsh, P. G.; Parrott, J. L.; Dixon, D.G.; Hodson, P. V.; Spry, D. J.; Mierle, G. Estimating acute copper toxicity to larval fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) in soft water from measurements of dissolved organic carbon, calcium, and pH. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1996, 53, 1263-1271.
  91. Bartsch, A. F. Practical methods for control of algae and water weeds. Public Health Rep. 1954, 69 (8), 749-57.
  92. Hanson, M. J.; Stefan, H. G. Side effects of 58 years of copper sulfate treatement of the Fairmont Lakes, Minnesota1. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 1984, 20 (6), 889-900.
  93. Masser, M. P.; Murphy , T. R.; Shelton, J. L. Aquatic Weed Management: Herbicides; Southern Regional Aquatic Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2006.
  94. Taylor; L, N.; McGeer; J, C.; Wood; C, M.; McDonald; D, G. Physiological effects of chronic copper exposure to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in hard and soft water : Evaluation of chronic indicators. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2000, 19 (9), 2298-2308.
  95. Chen, J.-C.; Lin, C.-H. Toxicity of copper sulfate for survival, growth, molting and feeding of juveniles of the tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Aquacult. 2001, 192 (1), 55-65.
  96. Sandahl, J. F.; Miyasaka, G.; Koide, N.; Ueda, H. Olfactory inhibition and recovery in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) following copper exposure. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2006, 63 (8), 1840-1847.
  97. Jaensson, A.; Olsén, K. H. Effects of copper on olfactory-mediated endocrine responses and reproductive behaviour in mature male brown trout Salmo trutta parr to conspecific females. J. Fish Biol. 2010, 76 (4), 800-817.
  98. Chapman, G. A. Toxicities of Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc to Four Juvenile Stages of Chinook Salmon and Steelhead. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 1978, 107 (6), 841-847.
  99. Straus, D. L. The acute toxicity of copper to blue tilapia in dilutions of settled pond water. Aquacult. 2003, 219 (1-4), 233-240.
  100. Mastin, B. J.; Rodgers, J. J. H. Toxicity and Bioavailability of Copper Herbicides (Clearigate, Cutrine-Plus, and Copper Sulfate) to Freshwater Animals. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2000, 39 (4), 445-451.
  101. de Oliveira-Filho, E. C.; Lopes, R. M.; Paumgartten, F. J. R. Comparative study on the susceptibility of freshwater species to copperbased pesticides. Chemosphere 2004, 56 (4), 369-374.
  102. Ingersoll, C. G.; Winner, R. W. Effect on Daphnia pulex (de geer) of daily pulse exposures to copper or cadmium. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1982, 1 (4), 321-327.
  103. Arauco, L. R. R.; Da Cruz, C.; Neto, J. G. M. Efito da presença de sedimento na toxicidade agua do sulfato de cobre e do triclorfon para três espécies de daphnia. Pestic. Rev. Ecotoxicol. e Meio Ambiente 2005, 15.
  104. Li, N.; Zhao, Y. L.; Yang, J. Accumulation, distribution, and toxicology of copper sulfate in juvenile giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2005, 75 (3), 497-504.
  105. Khangarot, B. S.; Das, S. Effects of copper on the egg development and hatching of a freshwater pulmonate snail Lymnaea luteola L. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 179 (1-3), 665-675.
  106. De Schamphelaere, K. A.; Heijerick, D. G.; Janssen, C. R. Cross-phylum comparison of a chronic biotic ligand model to predict chronic toxicity of copper to a freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus (Pallas). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2006, 63 (2), 189-95.
  107. 2009 Edition of the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2009.
  108. Chemical Safety Cards Copper Sulfate (anhydrous); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Atlanta, GA, 2001.
  109. Chemical Safety Cards Copper (II) Sulfate, Pentahydrate; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Atlanta, GA, 2001.

NPIC fact sheets are designed to answer questions that are commonly asked by the general public about pesticides that are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). This document is intended to be educational in nature and helpful to consumers for making decisions about pesticide use.

Related Topics:

What are pests?

Learn about a pest

Identify a pest

Control a pest

Integrated Pest Management

What are pesticides?

Herbicides

Disinfectants

Fungicides

Insecticides

Natural and Biological Pesticides

Repellents

Rodenticides

Other types of pesticides

Facebook Twitter Youtube