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Insect Repellents References

Insect Repellents:

  1. van Breugel, F.; Riffell, J.; Fairhall, A.; Dickinson, M. H. Mosquitoes Use Vision to Associate Odor Plumes with Thermal Targets. Curr. Biol. Rep. 2015, 25, 2123–2129.
  2. Bissinger, B. W.; Roe, R. M. Tick Repellents - Past, Present, and Future. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 2010, 96, 63–79.
  3. Xu, P.; Choo, Y.-M.; Rosa, A. D. L.; Leal, W. S. Mosquito Odorant Receptor for DEET and Methyl Jasmonate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2014, 11 (46) 16592–16597.
  4. Dickens, J. C.; Bohbot, J. D. Mini Review- Mode of Action of Mosquito Repellents. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 2013, 106, 149–155.
  5. Mutebi, J-P.; Hawley, W. A.; Brogdon, W. G. Chapter 2: The Pretravel Consultation-Protection against Mosquitoes, Ticks, & Other Arthropods. 2018 Yellow Book; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Atlanta, GA, 2018.
  6. Alpern, J. D.; Dunlop, S. J.; Dolan, B. J.; Stauffer, W. M.; Boulware, D. R. Personal Protection Measures Against Mosquitoes, Ticks, and Other Arthropods. Med. Clin. North Am. 2016, 100, 303–316.
  7. Lupi, E.; Hatz, C.; Schlagenhauf, P. The Efficacy of Repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes Spp. - A Literature Review. Travel Med. Infect. Dis. 2013, 11, 374–411.
  8. Rodriguez, J.; Maibach, H. I. Percutaneous Penetration and Pharmacodynamics: Wash-in and Wash-off of Sunscreen and Insect Repellent. J. Dermatol. Treat. 2016, 27 (1), 11–18.
  9. Avoid Bug Bites; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/avoid-bug-bites (accessed May 2018), updated October 2016.
  10. Buescher, M. D.; Rutledge, L. C.; Wirtz, R. A.; Nelson, J. H. Dose-Dependent Persistence Relationship of DEET against Aedes Aegypti. Mosq. News 1983, 43 (3), 364–366.
  11. DEET (N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide). Revised Human Health Risk Assessment in Support of Registration Review; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2014.
  12. Picaridin: Preliminary Human Health Risk Assessment in Support of Registration Review; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2014.
  13. 3-[N-Butyl-N-Acetyl]-Aminopropionic Acid, Ethyl Ester (113509) Technical Document; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1999.
  14. P-Menthane-3,8-Diol (011550) Biopesticide Registration Eligibility Document; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2000.
  15. Permethrin: Human Health Draft Risk Assessment for Registration Review; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2017.
  16. Toxicological Profile for DEET (N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: Atlanta, GA, 2017.
  17. Hazardous Substances Databank (HSDB), Picaridin; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine: Bethesda, MD, 2016.
  18. Hazardous Substances Databank (HSDB), Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine: Bethesda, MD, 2016.
  19. Specifications and Evaluations for Public Health Pesticides: Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate; World Health Organization: Geneva, 2006.
  20. Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate Assessment Report: Product-Type 19 (Insect Repellent); European Commission, Standing Committee on Biocidal Products: Brussels, 2014.
  21. Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential, Annual Cancer Report; U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC 2017.
  22. Summary of Toxicology Data, Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate; California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Medical Toxicology Branch: Sacramento, CA 1999.
  23. Api, A. M.; Belsito, D.; Bhatia, S.; Bruze, M.; Burton, G. A.; Buschmann, J.; Calow, P.; Dagli, M. L.; Dekant, W.; Fryer, A. D.; et al. RIFM Fragrance Ingredient Safety Assessment, 2-Hydroxy-α,α,4-Trimethylcyclohexanemethanol, CAS Registry Number 42822-86-6. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2016, 97, S209–S215.
  24. Fediuk, D. J.; Wang, T.; Chen, Y.; Parkinson, F. E.; Namaka, M. P.; Simons, K. J.; Burczynski, F. J.; Gu, X. Tissue Disposition of the Insect Repellent DEET and the Sunscreen Oxybenzone Following Intravenous and Topical Administration in Rats. Biopharm. Drug Dispos. 2011, 32 (7), 369–379.
  25. Choosing an Insect Repellent for Your Child; American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Insect-Repellents.aspx (accessed March 2018) updated July 2018.
  26. Weinberg, N.; Weinberg, M. S.; Maloney, S. A. Chapter 7: Traveling Safely with Infants & Children. 2018 Yellow Book; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Atlanta, GA, 2018.
  27. Stanczyk, N. M.; Behrens, R. H.; Chen-Hussey, V.; Stewart, S. A.; Logan, J. G. Mosquito Repellents for Travellers. Br. Med. J. 2015, 350, h99.
  28. Practice Advisory Interim Guidance for Care of Obstetric Patients During a Zika Virus Outbreak; The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Washington, DC, 2018.
  29. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed), Diethyltoluamide; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine: Bethesda, MD, 2014.
  30. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed), M 3535; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine: Bethesda, MD, 2016.
  31. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed), Citrodiol; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine: Bethesda, MD, 2016.
  32. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed), Icaridin; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine: Bethesda, MD, 2016.
  33. Breastfeeding and Maternal Medication: Recommendations for Drugs in the Eleventh WHO Model List of Essential Drugs; World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development: Geneva, 2002.
  34. McGready, R.; Simpson, J. A.; Hamilton, K. A.; Cho, T.; Luxemburger, C.; Edwards, R.; Looareesuwan, S.; White, N. J.; Nosten, F.; Lindsay, S. W. Safety of the Insect Repellent N,N-Diethyl-M-Toluamide (DEET) in Pregnancy. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2001, 65 (4), 285–289.
  35. Specifications and Evaluations for Public Health Pesticides: Icaridin; World Health Organization: Geneva, 2004.
  36. Sudakin, D. L.; Trevathan, W. R. DEET: A Review and Update of Safety and Risk in the General Population. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 2003, 41 (6), 831–839.
  37. Broschard, T. H.; Bohlmann, A. M.; Konietzny, S.; Schauer, U. M. D.; Dekant, W. Biotransformation and Toxicokinetics of the Insect Repellent IR3535 in Male and Female Human Subjects after Dermal Exposure. Toxicol. Lett. 2013, 218, 246–252.
  38. Reifenrath, W. G.; Olson, J. J.; Vedula, U.; Osimitz, T. G. Percutaneous Absorption of an Insect Repellent p-Menthane-3,8- DIOL: A Model for Human Dermal Absorption. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 2009, 72 (13), 796–806.
  39. Aronson, D.; Weeks, J.; Meylan, B.; Guiney, P. D.; Howard, P. H. Environmental Release, Environmental Concentrations, and Ecological Risk of N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide (DEET). Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 2012, 8 (1), 135–166.
  40. 2018 Edition of the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories Table; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 2018.
  41. Preliminary Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment for the Registration Review of Picaridin; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 2014.
  42. Registration Review-Ecological Risk, Environmental Fate, and Endangered Species Assessment for N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide (DEET); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 2012.
  43. Calza, P.; Medana, C.; Raso, E.; Giancotti, V.; Minero, C. N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide Transformation in River Water. Sci. Total Environ. 2011, 409, 3894–3901.
  44. Weeks, J.; Guiney, P.; Nikiforov, A. Assessment of the Environmental Fate and Ecotoxicity of N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide (DEET). Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 2012, 8 (1), 120–134.
  45. Fink, P.; Moelzner, J.; Berghahn, R.; von Elert, E. Do Insect Repellents Induce Drift Behaviour in Aquatic Non-Target Organisms? Water Res. 2017, 108, 32–38.
  46. Fink, P.; von Elert, E. No Effect of Insect Repellents on the Behaviour of Lymnaeas stagnalis at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2017, 24, 26120–26124.
  47. von Elert, E.; Preuss, K.; Fink, P. Infodisruption of Inducible Anti-Predator Defenses through Commercial Insect Repellents? Environ. Pollut. 2016, 210, 18–26.
  48. Natural Tick Repellents and Pesticides; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD): Atlanta, GA, 2016.
  49. Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Permethrin; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2007.
  50. Snodgrass, H. L. Permethrin Transfer from Treated Cloth to the Skin Surface: Potential for Exposure in Humans. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1992, 35, 91–105.

NPIC fact sheets are designed to answer questions that are commonly asked by the general public about pesticides that are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). This document is intended to be educational in nature and helpful to consumers for making decisions about pesticide use.

Related Topics:

What are pests?

Learn about a pest

Identify a pest

Control a pest

Integrated Pest Management

What are pesticides?

Herbicides

Disinfectants

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Insecticides

Natural and Biological Pesticides

Repellents

Rodenticides

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